Abstract: 2010 was the International Biological Diversity Year, when at the Conference of Parties to Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Nagoya, Japan, new ten-year biodiversity strategies and corresponding biodiversity targets, also known as “Aichi Targets”, were developed. The newly adopted “Aichi Targets”, which is a reflection of the work on international biodiversity in the past decade, and also an outlook of development of biodiversity in the coming decade. After a comprehensive analysis of the documents and resolutions passed by CBD before and after the adoption of the “Aichi Targets”, and the specific expositions on some issues made by the experts at the conference, it is found that the implementation of CBD can be summarized into three aspects:(1) continuous innovation of the CBD implementation mechanism; (2) shift of the focus of the implementation on the country level; and (3)mobilization of the innovation resources. In the case of China, it is essential to take reasonable countermeasures, which should include adoption of more positive measures in response to the CBD`s request of updating national biodiversity targets with focus laid on mainstreaming, insist on the “three major goals” in the international negotiation so as to prevent possible abeyance of topic discussion due to topic diversification;and obtain greater voice in the international negotiation on allocation of the funds for international biodiversity while increasing capital investment inthis topic.

Key words: Convention on Biological Diversity, Aichi targets, funding mechanism, mainstreaming, National Biological Strategy and Action Plan